Google has no guidance on building an MVP, or on deciding what one should contain, so there is no citation for that and we will not invent one. What Google does document is what any new site needs to be found. Google Search Essentials describes technical requirements that it says are few, and notes that meeting them does not mean Google will crawl, index or serve a page. Its key best practices include using the words people would search for in prominent places, and making links crawlable so Google can find other pages.
The SEO Starter Guide says Google primarily finds pages through links from other pages it has already crawled, and that a sitemap is optional. To check whether a new site is in the index at all, it suggests searching with the site: operator, and if nothing appears, going back to the technical requirements. The site move guidance adds a launch trap: some owners block all crawling while a site is in development, and those robots.txt or noindex rules must be removed when the site goes live.
For a founder, the practical point is that indexing, structure and tracking are far easier to set up before launch than after. We build MVPs the way we describe the path for founders: decide what to build and what search demand says about it, build the smallest version that tests the idea, then launch with indexing, structure and tracking in place. Simple projects stay simple, with no six-month agency engagement for something that should ship in weeks.